Learn about the commonly used medication metformin with the Davis Drug Guide. Find information on its uses, dosage, side effects, and more to help you make informed decisions about your healthcare.

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Davis Drug Guide for Metformin: Your Complete Resource

Metformin is a medication commonly used to treat type 2 diabetes. It is an oral hypoglycemic agent that helps to lower blood glucose levels. Metformin works by decreasing the amount of glucose produced by the liver and increasing the sensitivity of muscle cells to insulin. It is often prescribed as a first-line treatment for type 2 diabetes, as it is effective at controlling blood sugar levels and has a low risk of causing hypoglycemia.

The Davis drug guide for metformin provides comprehensive information about this medication, including its indications, dosage, side effects, and contraindications.

Indications: Metformin is indicated for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus. It can be used alone or in combination with other antidiabetic medications, such as insulin or sulfonylureas.

Dosage: The recommended starting dose of metformin is usually 500 mg or 850 mg taken orally once daily with meals. The dose may be gradually increased to a maximum of 2,000 mg per day, depending on the individual’s blood glucose levels. It is important to follow the prescribed dosage and schedule as directed by a healthcare professional.

Side effects: Common side effects of metformin include gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal discomfort. These side effects are usually mild and transient. In rare cases, metformin may cause a serious condition called lactic acidosis, which is characterized by symptoms such as weakness, dizziness, and rapid breathing. It is important to seek medical attention if any unusual or severe side effects occur.

Contraindications: Metformin is contraindicated in individuals with severe renal impairment, liver disease, or a history of lactic acidosis. It should also be avoided in patients with a known hypersensitivity to metformin or any of its components. Before starting metformin, it is important to inform the healthcare provider about any medical conditions or medications that the individual is taking.

The Davis drug guide for metformin is a valuable resource for healthcare professionals and individuals with type 2 diabetes who are taking or considering metformin as part of their treatment plan. It provides important information about the safe and effective use of this medication.

Davis Drug Guide: Metformin Overview

Metformin is an oral medication used to treat type 2 diabetes. It belongs to the biguanide class of drugs and works by decreasing glucose production in the liver and improving insulin sensitivity in the body. This helps to lower blood sugar levels and control diabetes.

Indications:

Type 2 diabetes mellitus

Dosage and Administration:

Metformin is typically taken orally with meals, usually once or twice daily. The dosage may vary depending on the individual’s blood sugar levels and response to treatment. It is important to follow the prescribed dosage and administration instructions provided by the healthcare provider.

Contraindications:

Hypersensitivity to metformin or any component of the medication
Severe renal impairment (eGFR less than 30 mL/min/1.73 m²)
Acute or chronic metabolic acidosis, including diabetic ketoacidosis

Adverse Reactions:

The most common adverse reactions associated with metformin include gastrointestinal issues such as diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal discomfort. These side effects are usually mild and temporary. In rare cases, metformin may cause lactic acidosis, a serious condition that requires immediate medical attention.

Drug Interactions:

Metformin may interact with certain medications, including:

Cimetidine
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
Iodinated contrast media
Topiramate

Monitoring Parameters:

Blood glucose levels
Hemoglobin A1c levels
Renal function
Vitamin B12 levels

Patient Education:

Patients should be informed about the following:

Proper administration and dosage instructions
Potential side effects and when to seek medical attention
The importance of regular blood glucose monitoring
Dietary and lifestyle modifications to help manage diabetes

References:

Davis’s Drug Guide. (2021). Metformin. Retrieved from https://www.davisplus.com/drug-guide/.

What is Metformin and how does it work?

Metformin is an oral medication that is commonly prescribed to treat type 2 diabetes. It belongs to a class of drugs called biguanides, which work by lowering the amount of glucose produced by the liver and increasing the body’s sensitivity to insulin.

How does Metformin lower blood glucose levels?

Metformin helps lower blood glucose levels in several ways:

Reducing glucose production: Metformin decreases the amount of glucose produced by the liver. This is important because the liver plays a key role in regulating blood sugar levels.
Inhibiting glucose absorption: Metformin can also reduce the absorption of glucose from the intestines into the bloodstream. This helps prevent sharp increases in blood sugar levels after meals.
Increasing insulin sensitivity: Metformin helps the body become more sensitive to insulin, a hormone that helps regulate blood sugar levels. By improving insulin sensitivity, the body can use insulin more effectively to transport glucose from the bloodstream into the cells.

Additional benefits of Metformin

In addition to its primary role in managing blood sugar levels, Metformin has been shown to have other health benefits:

Weight loss: Metformin can help promote weight loss in individuals with obesity or overweight. It does this by reducing appetite and decreasing the absorption of calories from food.
Cardiovascular protection: Metformin has been associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular events, such as heart attacks and strokes. It may help improve blood lipid levels, reduce inflammation, and enhance blood vessel function.
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) treatment: Metformin is also used to manage the symptoms of polycystic ovary syndrome, a hormonal disorder that can cause irregular periods, infertility, and excessive hair growth.

Conclusion

Metformin is a widely prescribed medication for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. It works by reducing glucose production, inhibiting glucose absorption, and increasing insulin sensitivity. In addition to its primary role in managing blood sugar levels, Metformin may also have benefits for weight loss, cardiovascular health, and the treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome.

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What is metformin?

Metformin is an oral medication used to treat type 2 diabetes. It helps control blood sugar levels by reducing the amount of glucose produced by the liver and increasing the sensitivity of muscle cells to insulin.

What are the common side effects of metformin?

Common side effects of metformin include diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, stomach upset, and a metallic taste in the mouth. These side effects are usually mild and go away on their own.

How should metformin be taken?

Metformin should be taken with meals to reduce the risk of stomach upset. The dosage and frequency of metformin will depend on the individual’s blood sugar levels and response to the medication. It is important to follow the instructions provided by the healthcare provider.

Can metformin be used during pregnancy?

Metformin is generally considered safe to use during pregnancy. However, it is important to consult with a healthcare provider before starting or continuing metformin during pregnancy, as the dosage may need to be adjusted.

Can metformin be used in children?

Metformin is approved for use in children above the age of 10 years. However, the dosage and frequency may vary depending on the individual child’s needs. It is important to consult with a healthcare provider for proper guidance.

What are the potential drug interactions with metformin?

Metformin may interact with certain medications, such as diuretics, corticosteroids, and beta-blockers. These interactions can affect blood sugar control and may require dosage adjustments. It is important to inform the healthcare provider about all medications being taken, including over-the-counter and herbal supplements.

Davis drug guide for metformin